UPPSC MAINS 2018 Paper-4

Points to Remember: Identify root causes: Irregularities stem from deeper issues like lack of motivation, unclear roles, weak accountability, and inadequate training. Multi-pronged approach: Solutions require a combination of disciplinary actions, motivational strategies, structural reforms, and technological upgrades. Transparency and accountability: Establishing clear performance metrics, regular monitoring, and transparent grievance redressal mechanisms are crucial. Employee … Read more Recently you have taken charge as the head of a government organization. On the very first day in your office, you observe that the organization is crippled with many irregularities such as:(i) The staff is not punctual.(ii) The staff wastes their time in unnecessary talks.(iii) Speedy action is not taken on public grievances.(iv) There is rampant corruption at every level in the organization.(v) The quality of the services provided by the organization is very poor.How would you inspire your staff so that the above deficiencies of the organization get removed? Discuss.

Points to Remember: Ethics vs. Morality: Distinguishing features and sources. Determinants of Ethical Actions: Individual, social, and situational factors. Ethical Frameworks: Utilitarianism, Deontology, Virtue Ethics. Introduction: Ethics and morality are often used interchangeably, but they represent distinct yet interconnected concepts. Morality refers to an individual’s internal sense of right and wrong, shaped by personal experiences, … Read more Differentiate between ethics and morality and explain the determinants of ethical actions.

Points to Remember: Tolerance: Acceptance of diverse viewpoints and behaviors, even if differing from one’s own. Compassion: Empathy and concern for the suffering of others, leading to action to alleviate it. Weaker sections: Socially, economically, or politically disadvantaged groups. Public service: Activities undertaken by government and non-governmental organizations to benefit the public. Introduction: Public service, … Read more “Public service is recognized on the basis of tolerance and compassion towards the weaker section of the society.” Explain the values of tolerance and compassion in this context.

Points to Remember: Attitudes are learned predispositions to respond consistently favorably or unfavorably to an object, person, or event. Attitudes serve several key functions: knowledge, utilitarian, ego-defensive, and value-expressive. Understanding these functions helps predict and influence behavior. Introduction: Attitudes are fundamental to understanding human behavior. They represent our evaluations of people, objects, and ideas, influencing … Read more Discuss the functions of attitude.

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Points to Remember: Probity in governance: Integrity, honesty, and uprightness in public life. Philosophical underpinnings: Ethical theories (deontology, utilitarianism, virtue ethics), social contract theory, and rule of law. Critical discussion: Challenges to probity (corruption, conflicts of interest), mechanisms to promote it (transparency, accountability). Introduction: Probity in governance refers to the adherence to high ethical standards … Read more What is the philosophical basis of probity in governance? Discuss critically.

Points to Remember: Gandhi’s philosophy of Satyagraha (truth force) and Ahimsa (non-violence). His emphasis on Swaraj (self-rule) at individual and national levels. His views on social justice, including caste eradication and women’s empowerment. His critique of industrialization and materialism. The impact and legacy of his ideas on India and the world. Introduction: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi … Read more Examine the ethical and social ideas of Gandhi.

Points to Remember: The relevance of conscience, spirit of service, and discipline in maintaining ethical and efficient civil service. The potential conflicts between these values and practical realities within the civil service. The importance of fostering these values through training, recruitment, and institutional mechanisms. Introduction: The Civil Service, the backbone of any effective government, relies … Read more Evaluate the relevance of the following in the context of Civil Service:(a) Conscience(b) Spirit of service(c) Discipline

Points to Remember: Values are deeply held beliefs about what is important and desirable. They guide our actions, decisions, and judgments. Values are learned, not innate, and can evolve over time. There are individual, societal, and organizational values. Understanding values is crucial for personal growth, social harmony, and effective governance. Introduction: The term “values” refers … Read more What are values? Throw light over their central elements.

Points to Remember: Ethical concerns in government and private institutions stem from conflicts of interest, lack of transparency, and abuse of power. Regulations and codes of conduct aim to mitigate these concerns, but enforcement and cultural shifts are crucial. A holistic approach encompassing legal frameworks, ethical training, and strong leadership is necessary for fostering ethical … Read more Define the ethical concerns in Government and Private Institutions.