UPPCS Prelims and Mains Notes-UPPSC Test Series
Hindi and Urdu are two Hindustani Languages; spoken mostly in the northern and Central India and in Pakistan.
Hindi and Urdu are two different languages but these languages have many common things. Both Hindi and Urdu are developed in a similar phase and adopted many changes.
We will discuss about the development of both the languages one by one.
Development of Hindi:
Hindi in Khariboli form has been accepted as official language of India. It is written in Devnagari script. It is listed in the 22 scheduled languages of India in our Constitution.
Hindi is one of the youngest languages of India which come in literary only before 2-3 centuries back.
Hindi is 4th the most speaking languages of the world after Mandarin, Spanish and English.
Now we will dig deep to find the foundation of Hindi language. Hindi is an Indo-Aryan Language which find its root in various Prakrit languages in India. There were various Prakrit was being spoken in various regions of like Magadhi, Ardha Magadhi, Himalayan Prakrit, Shaurseni Prakrit etc.
This was around 500-600 century than these Prakrit were developed in their regions under the patron of their rulers. Although Sanskrit was used as official communication and for literary works, yet regional languages were the languages of the masses.
Hindi language was originally called Hindvi. It started taking shape around 10th century. It was mostly spoken in the present day Delhi. It was highly influenced by the Shaurseni Aprabhansha.
The vocabulary is derived mostly from the Sanskrit Language.
We can divide the development of Hindi language in 3 stages for our understanding:
Development of Urdu:
The early history of Hindi and Urdu is almost same. The invasion of foreigner from western part of India from Middle East brought many changes in the Indian people. The changes was not only in culture, lifestyle but was in the language as well. The invaders patronized Persian and Arabic form of languages; which influenced the local languages and vice-versa.
Urdu is also a Hindustani language which found its origin in various other languages. Urdu is mostly spoken in the northern parts of India and is official language of some states of India. After the partition of India, Urdu was accepted as national language of Pakistan.
Urdu is developed from the medieval Apabhramsa of Shaurseni.
Shaurseni is an Indo-Aryan language that is also the ancestor of other modern languages, including the Punjabi and Hindi dialects.
Around 99% of Urdu verbs have their roots in Sanskrit and Prakrit.
Urdu developed under the influence of the Persian and Arabic languages, both of which have contributed a significant amount of vocabulary to formal speech.
The development of Urdu can be summarized in three stages: