Points to Remember: Article 14 (Equality before law), Article 15 (Prohibition of discrimination), Article 16 (Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment), Article 17 (Abolition of untouchability), Article 18 (Abolition of titles).
Introduction: The Right to Equality, enshrined in Part III of the Indian Constitution (Articles 14-18), is a cornerstone of Indian democracy. It guarantees equal treatment before the law and prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. This right is crucial for a just and equitable society.
Body:
Equality before Law (Article 14): This ensures equal application of laws to all citizens, irrespective of status. However, reasonable classification is permissible. Judicial interpretations have shaped its scope, addressing issues of arbitrary state action.
Prohibition of Discrimination (Article 15): This article explicitly prohibits discrimination on specified grounds in access to public places, shops, restaurants, etc. However, it allows for special provisions for women and children.
Equality of Opportunity (Article 16): This guarantees equal opportunity in public employment, though reservations exist for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes to address historical injustices. This has been a subject of ongoing debate.
Abolition of Untouchability (Article 17): This article effectively outlawed the practice of untouchability, a deeply entrenched social evil. Despite legal abolition, social stigma persists.
Abolition of Titles (Article 18): This aims to prevent the creation of a hierarchical society based on titles and honours.
Conclusion: The Right to Equality is a vital component of India’s constitutional framework. While significant progress has been made, challenges remain in ensuring its effective implementation, particularly in addressing persistent social inequalities. Strengthening enforcement mechanisms, promoting awareness, and continuing affirmative action are crucial for realizing the full potential of this fundamental right, fostering a truly egalitarian society that upholds constitutional values and promotes holistic development.
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