Points to Remember: Key differences between Indian and US federal systems lie in the distribution of powers, the nature of the federation’s origin, and the role of the judiciary.
Introduction: Both India and the USA are federal republics, but their federal structures differ significantly. The US system evolved from a union of independent states, while India’s was designed by a constituent assembly.
Body:
Power Distribution: The US Constitution explicitly lists federal powers, leaving the rest to states. India’s Constitution lists both Union and State lists, with a concurrent list for shared powers. The Indian Union enjoys greater power.
Federation’s Origin: The US federation emerged from a compact among sovereign states, emphasizing state autonomy. India’s federation is a quasi-federal system, created by a constituent assembly, prioritizing national unity.
Judicial Role: The US Supreme Court has a stronger role in defining federal-state relations through judicial review. While the Indian Supreme Court also plays a crucial role, its power is somewhat less expansive.
Conclusion: While both are federal, the Indian system leans towards a unitary bias, while the US system emphasizes states’ rights. A balanced approach, respecting both national unity and regional diversity, is crucial for both nations’ continued success. Strengthening intergovernmental cooperation is key to effective federalism in both countries.
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