The Scheduled Tribe (ST) population of Uttar Pradesh is 11,34,273 at 2011 census, constituting a meagre 0.57 per cent of the total population (199,812,341) of the State. The Scheduled Tribe (ST) population of Uttar Pradesh is mere 0.6% of total tribal population of India. The State has a total of five (5) Scheduled Tribes and all of them have been enumerated at 2011 census.
The tribal population of the State is predominantly rural with 88.8 per cent of them residing in villages. District wise distribution of ST population shows that Kheri district has the highest proportion of STs (1.2 per cent), followed by Balrampur (1.1 per cent), Shrawasti & Bahraich (each 0.4 per cent) districts. Nine (9) districts, each having a proportion of 0.1 per cent tribal population whereas remaining fifty seven (57) districts have negligible proportion of ST population.
Population – Size & Distribution
Out of five STs, Tharu is the most populous tribe, having a population of 83,544; they constitute 77.4 per cent of the total tribal population of the State. Buksa is the second major tribe, having a number of 4,367, followed by Bhotia, 
Jaunsari and Raji.
These four tribes along with generic tribes constitute the balance 22.6 per cent of total ST population.
At the level of individual tribe, Tharu are primarily concentrated in Kheri, Balrampur and Bahraich districts. Buksa have the highest concentration in Bijnor, followed by Farrukhabad districts. Other three STs, Bhotia, Jaunsari and Raji have returned maximum population in Agra, Kheri and Gorakhpur districts respectively.
Among the five STs, Buksa and Raji tribes have been recognized as Primitive Tribes. Together, they constitute 5 per cent of the total tribal population of the State.
Various Tribes listed by Government of Uttar Pradesh are:-
- Agariya (in the district of Sonbhadra)
- Baiga (in the district of Sonbhadra)
- Bhotia
- Bhuiya, Bhuinya (in the district of Sonbhadra)
- Buksa
- Chero (in the districts of Sonbhadra and Varanasi)
- Gond, Dhuria, Nayak, Pathari, Raj Gond (in the districts of Mehrajganj, Sidharth Nagar, Basti, Gorakhpur, Deoria, Mau, Azamgarh, Jonpur, BALIA, GHAZIPUR, Varanasi, Mirzapur and Sonbhadra)
- Jaunsari
- Kharwar, Khairwar (in the districts of Deoria, Balia, Ghazipur, Varanasi and Sonbhadra)
- Pankha, Panika (in the districts of Sonbhadra and Mirzapur)
- Parahiya (in the district of Sonbhadra)
- Patari (in the district of Sonbhadra)
- Raji
- Saharya (in the district of Lalitpur)
- Tharu
Sex Ratio
The overall sex ratio of the ST population is 934 females per 1000 males which is lower than the national average (978) for all STs.
Individually, all the five tribes have recorded an overall sex ratio lower than the national average. While Tharu, Bhotia and Buksa have sex ratio above 900, Raji and Jaunsari have the sex ratio below 900 and 800 respectively.
The sex ratio among STs, in the age group 0-6 years (973) is equal to that of all STs at the national level. Tharu have recorded the child sex ratio marginally lower than the national average whereas remaining four tribes have registered child sex ratio above 1000, showing a preponderance of girl children.
The total Scheduled Caste population returned in the state of Uttar Pradesh in Census 2011 is 4,13,57,608
Mazor Notified Scheduled Castes of Uttar Pradesh are:-
| Caste | Population 2001 | Percentage of total SC Population |
| Chamar | 1,98,03,106 | 56% |
| parshuram gautra | 55,97,002 | 16% |
| Dhobi | 21,84,212 | 6% |
| Kori | 20,00,628 | 6% |
| Balmiki | 11,66,383 | 3.30% |
| Khatik | 7,64,765 | 2% |
| Dhanuk | 5,42,651 | 1.50% |
| Gond | 4,43,457 | 1.30% |
| Kol | 3,31,374 | 0.90% |
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